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Honeycomb whipray
The honeycomb whipray (''Himantura undulata'') is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae, found widely in the shallow coastal waters of the Indo-Pacific from India to the Malay Archipelago. This large species grows to across and has a diamond-shaped disc with rounded corners and a projecting, pointed snout. Its tail is long and whip-like, without fin folds. Adults have a striking dorsal color pattern consisting of large, dark brown rings and reticulations delineated by thin yellow lines, while juveniles have a pattern of large dark spots. This ray can also be distinguished from its similar relatives by an enlarged, pearl-like dermal denticle at the center of the back, which is followed by a few thorns. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed the honeycomb whipray as Vulnerable, as it faces heavy fishing pressure and habitat degradation across much of its range.
==Taxonomy==
Dutch ichthyologist Pieter Bleeker first referenced the honeycomb whipray as ''Trygon undulata'', in a 1850 list of Javanese fishes. Two years later, he formally described the species in the scientific journal ''Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen'' (''Memoirs of the Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences''), based on three specimens caught off Jakarta and Semarang. Later authors assigned it to the genus ''Himantura''. Other common names for this ray include Bleeker's variegate ray and ocellate whipray.
The reticulate whipray (''H. uarnak'') and the leopard whipray (''H. leoparda'') are closely related to the honeycomb whipray. The three species are very similar in size, shape, and coloration, which has resulted in a great deal of confusion: ''H. undulata'' has often been misidentified as ''H. uarnak'', while many references to "''H. undulata''" are in fact of ''H. leoparda'', with the synonym ''H. fava'' used instead for the real ''H. undulata''. The three belong to a larger 'uarnak' species complex that also contains ''H. astra'', ''H. fai'', ''H. gerrardi'', ''H. jenkinsii'', and ''H. toshi''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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